News (Updated August 23, 2009)

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White House to hold HIV/AIDS community discussions

Fri Aug 21, 2:20 pm ET

WASHINGTON – The White House will hold a series of community discussions on HIV and AIDS throughout the country beginning next week.

In a statement, President Barack Obama said HIV remains a serious challenge in the U.S. He said he wants the public's input in the discussions as he works to create a national strategy for reducing new cases and improving care for those infected.

The White House says there are 56,000 new HIV infections in the U.S. each year. The first community discussion will be held Tuesday in Atlanta .

 

Porn studios denounced for not requiring condoms

By Steve Gorman

LOS ANGELES, Aug 20, 2009 (Reuters) - An AIDS advocacy group filed complaints against 16 adult-film studios in California on Thursday, accusing them of violating state workplace safety rules by failing to require porn actors to wear condoms.

The complaints, submitted along with five dozen DVD copies of pornographic films produced by the companies as evidence, formally call on the state's Division of Occupational Safety and Health to conduct an inquiry.

A former porn actress joined the filing with a complaint of her own against three additional production companies.

The agency swiftly vowed to investigate the complaints.

"We take it seriously, and it will be addressed," Cal-OSHA spokesman Dean Fryer said of the situation.

The filing marks the latest effort by the Los Angeles-based AIDS Healthcare Foundation to safeguard adult-film performers.

The $12 billion-a-year U.S. porn movie business is largely centered in the San Fernando Valley suburbs of Los Angeles .

Last month, the foundation sued Los Angeles County , accusing public health officials there of failing to enforce laws aimed at curbing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases within the adult entertainment industry.

The suit was filed after the disclosure that a porn actress had tested positive for HIV in June, leading health officials to reveal 16 more previously unpublicized cases among adult-film performers since a 2004 outbreak that prompted tougher testing and reporting rules.

The latest complaints say the films demonstrate that they were made without performers wearing condoms, in violation of state regulations requiring workers be protected from blood-borne pathogens in the exchange of bodily fluids.

"They have a valid point here," Fyer said of the filings. "The blood-borne pathogens standard is designed to protect workers where there is risk of transmission of diseases through bodily excretions that occur as part of adult film activity."

Public health figures show that more than 2,800 sexually transmitted disease cases were diagnosed among 1,884 porn performers in Los Angeles County , many suffering multiple infections, from April 2004 to March 2008.

Porn executives insist the industry has successfully policed itself with voluntary guidelines that call for monthly testing and quarantines of actors found to be infected.

"If Los Angeles County chooses to enforce mandatory condoms, what you'll see is all adult production leave California ," Vivid Entertainment founder Steve Hirsch told the Los Angeles Times.

 

SOUTH AFRICA : "Agony Aunts" don't do HIV

JOHANNESBURG , 19 August 2009 (IRIN) - Dear Abby, Dear Dolly, Ask Amy – advice columns are always popular in the print media, and South Africa is no exception. The "Agony Aunts" daily solve problems about love, lust, romance and other relationships, but one thing is consistently left off the page – HIV.

Flip through the country's most widely read magazines and one story in the advice columns soon appears to be a theme: girl meets boy, boy meets girl, boy cheats on girl.

A report released on 19 August by The Soul City Institute for Health & Development Communication notes that about 40 percent of letters to agony aunts asked for advice about multiple concurrent partnerships, but less than half received answers that included anything related to HIV and the increased risk of infection that accompanies such relationships.

Research into advice columns in 13 mainstream publications over a three-month period found the columnists chose to focus on the emotional or "moral" issues of concurrent partnerships.

Sue Goldstein, Soul City 's senior executive of South African programmes, conceived of the study after listening to a radio call-in show. She said the report highlighted a missed opportunity to address HIV, especially given the target audience of these columns - mainly women in their mid-20s.

South Africa 's 2007 antenatal survey showed that women between the ages of 25 and 29, with a prevalence rate of almost 40 percent, were among the hardest hit by HIV. According to UNAIDS, the national prevalence is at 18 percent.

Among the report's recommendations were that columnists talk more about HIV-risk behaviours, avoid moralizing and provide readers with additional resources for further information. It also recommended that editors set guidelines on what "good advice" should or should not include.

In response to the study findings and workshops with journalists, Soul City has developed a programme that pairs major print outlets with HIV-savvy organizations, in the hope that these partnerships will lead to more sensitized coverage of the epidemic.

"[Journalists] argued that people were tired of hearing about HIV, or that their aim was to entertain their audiences," Goldstein told IRIN/PlusNews. "They may be trying to entertain their audiences, but the reality is that these letters are often serious requests for advice, and one often finds young people reading them ... it's critical they be given the appropriate information."

 

UGANDA : Hungry HIV-positive patients abandon ARVs

AMURIA, 18 August 2009 (IRIN) - HIV-positive patients in drought-hit eastern Uganda are abandoning their anti-retroviral regimens in droves, and leaders fear that unless more food becomes available, they will soon be dealing with drug resistance and death.

"In our assessment in Teso, we found that HIV/AIDS patients in the region take their ARV drugs on the understanding of food [being available]; in the absence of food, many stop taking their ARVs and this risks their lives," Musa Ecweru, State Minister for Relief, Disaster Preparedness and Refugees, told IRIN/PlusNews.

A prolonged dry spell has withered the region's traditional crops, leaving hundreds of thousands of people hungry; instead of eating a balanced diet from their farms, they are surviving on a diet of bought maize meal.

"I have never seen a famine like this - people can't afford a meal for several days," said Omax Hebron Omeda, Resident Commissioner of eastern Uganda 's Amuria District. "The most affected people are those on ARVs. Very soon, if government doesn't intervene by scaling up the food supply, people are going to die."

Julius Ochen, a resident of Amuria, told IRIN/PlusNews that he had stopped taking his HIV medication. "When you take these drugs without eating, they make you weak and reduce your strength - you feel like vomiting," he said.

"If the government doesn't address the food crisis, many of us who are on ARVs are going to die," said Rose Anyiat, another resident.

Keeping patients on drugs

"It's true that TB drugs and ARVs are very strong; if taken without food, they make someone doze and feel weak, but we encourage our clients to take them," said Beatrice Okware, branch manager for the AIDS Support Organization in Soroti district.

"We are carrying out sensitization and encouraging our clients on ARVs to continue taking the drugs because if they default, there are side effects," she added.

Poor nutrition weakens the body's defences against the virus, hastens progress from HIV to AIDS, and makes it difficult to take ARVs, which can sometimes increase a patient's appetite. Sufficient food can help reduce some side-effects of ARVs and promote adherence to drug regimens.

Zainabu Akol, director of HIV/AIDS programmes in the Ministry of Health, said health workers in government medical centres were warning patients of the dangers of interrupting their ARV regimens.

"We frankly told them that it's a choice of life or death," she said, adding that some patients had heeded the advice and gone back on their drugs.

The government has spent an estimated US$10 million on food for the Teso sub-region, with some specially designated for people living with HIV, but local leaders say much more is needed; local media have reported that more than 40 people in the region have died of hunger since May.

Food gap

"The food being given to our people is just a drop in the ocean," said Patrick Amuriat, chairman of Teso Parliamentary Group. "What can one cup of beans and two of posho [maize flour] do? It's just for one meal."

"We are now giving special attention to people on ARVs; we are discussing with the Ministry of Health to package a special arrangement to help these vulnerable people," said Minister Ecweru. "They need to be supported with supplementary food to balance their diet."

A total of 17 districts in northwestern, northeastern and eastern Uganda have been listed as worst-hit by a nationwide drought; another 31 districts are experiencing "acute food shortages" and four districts have been evaluated as "moderately affected".

so/kr/mw

 

BURKINA FASO : Some parents refuse testing children for HIV

OUAGADOUGOU , 18 August 2009 (IRIN) - Health authorities estimate that just 10 percent of HIV-infected children in Burkina Faso are taking life-saving drugs while thousands of at-risk children are undiagnosed because their families refuse to have them tested.

The Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS estimated that as of 2006 10,000 children were infected with HIV in Burkina Faso , with 4,600 needing antiretroviral (ARV) treatment.

Only 46 percent of HIV patients in Burkina Faso who required treatment as of June 2009 – 23,000 people – are taking ARV drugs, according to the government's national HIV and sexually transmitted diseases council.

"We know the numbers [requiring treatment] are higher because of children who are born to HIV-positive mothers," said the council's director of health services, Joseph André Bidiga. "We do not offer prevention of mother-to-child transmission [PMTCT] services in all our health centres." He said 10 percent of the country's health facilities do not offer this service.

Multiple studies have shown that ARV treatment combined with abstaining from breastfeeding can cut the risk of mother-to-child HIV transmission to less than 5 percent. But in 2007 only 33 percent of HIV-positive pregnant women worldwide took ARVs, according to World Health Organization (WHO).

WHO estimates that more than 400,000 children worldwide were newly infected in 2007, mostly through their mothers.

Fleeing HIV tests

The HIV council's Bidiga told IRIN parental refusal to test children masks child HIV infections. By law children under 18 require parental permission for HIV tests in Burkina Faso .

Some parents cannot fathom their babies could be infected, said paediatrician Alice Zoungrana with Charles de Gaulle paediatrics hospital in the capital Ouagadougou . "We are in 2009 and it is sad, but many families…still think [HIV] is a purely sexual disease that does not affect children," the doctor told IRIN.

She added that while 75 percent of families grant permission for their children to be tested at the hospital, authorization is given only reluctantly. "It takes time because [families] refuse and accept to test only when their children fall ill a second time. It is during the second hospitalization that they accept."

It is not uncommon to see parents leaving the hospital with their children in the middle of the night to avoid the test, Zoungrana told IRIN. "These adults have not been tested themselves and do not want to know their children's status."

A nurse who works east of Ouagadougou and is infected with HIV told IRIN: "I had my suspicions when my son had swelling on his body and was constantly sick, but I never imagined he could have had AIDS."

She said both she and her eight-year-old son now take ARVs.

National HIV council health director Bidiga told IRIN adults are the gatekeepers to HIV testing. "We target adults for [HIV] awareness and outreach, but we are not reaching the numbers we would like. For adults who are not tested, their children are worse off because it is the adults who bring the children in for testing."

Message blocked

Paediatrician Zoungrana said messages about HIV are not getting through. "We have to revisit messages we are sending out to the population so they accept that HIV infections are possible in both adults and infants."

Women are less resistant than men to having their children tested, said Jacques Sanogo, director of the NGO "Espoir" – hope in French – in Burkina Faso 's second-largest city Bobo-Dioulasso. "Often mothers test their children without letting their families know."

A 45-year-old widow, infected with HIV by her late husband, told IRIN she was able to get tested only after his death in 2001. "Both he and his family refused that I and my children get tested after I accidentally discovered his ARVs in the house." In 2002 she learned she was infected with HIV while her three children were not.

To overcome reticence about HIV tests, community health workers visit families to talk about preventing mother-to-child transmission and the importance of HIV testing, NGO director Sanogo told IRIN.

Paediatrician Zoungrana said the confidentiality of house visits by trusted community members boosts acceptance of the message. "These community approaches work best because they are closest to the population and messages get across better."

An estimated 2.7 percent of Burkina Faso 's population – 150,000 people – were infected with HIV as of 2006, according to the government.

 

Veterans to routinely be offered HIV tests

By KIMBERLY HEFLING, Associated Press Writer Kimberly Hefling, Associated Press Writer Mon Aug 17, 4:12 am ET

WASHINGTON – The Veterans Affairs Department on Monday begins offering routine HIV tests to veterans who receive medical care.

Under the new policy, veterans must verbally consent to the test. They can also decline it.

Previously, veterans had to sign a consent form. The new policy follows recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC says all patients should be offered HIV testing even if they are not considered at risk.

The hope is that by dropping the written consent, more veterans will get tested and get medical treatment earlier.

About 22,000 veterans with HIV get care at VA facilities.

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS, which is a disease that weakens the immune system.

 


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